“These findings demonstrate unequivocally that neurons can be infected in our monkey model of COVID-19 and that the virus appears to enter the brain through olfactory connections from the nose.” “There has been an ongoing debate over whether or not SARS-CoV-2 can infect neurons,” said Prof. Morrison, the findings make it clear that COVID-19 is a neurological condition as well as a respiratory one. Aged T2D monkeys have far more widespread and more aggressive brain infection.”įor Prof.SARS-CoV-2 infection led to neuroinflammation, as well as neurodegeneration.Pathology is also seen in cortical regions that receive input from the primary olfactory regions, demonstrating that the virus can transmit across circuits and connections.Neurons were the main cell type that became infected.The primary affected regions were the cortical regions that receive direct olfactory input, suggesting that the virus enters through the olfactory system in the nose.
SARS-CoV-2 proteins and evidence of productive viral infection were present in multiple brain areas 7 days after infection.“We studied the brains of four groups: 1) young, 2) young, 3) aged, and 4) aged. We were particularly interested in whether or not aged type 2 diabetic (T2D) monkeys were more vulnerable to neuroinvasion by the virus than young monkeys, given that aging and T2D are key comorbidities in humans.” Morrison told MNT: “The monkeys were infected both through the nose and the trachea and sacrificed days after infection. These findings also suggest that the olfactory system could be the way in which SARS-CoV-2 gains access to the brain. Morrison, director of the California National Primate Research Center at the University of California, Davis, presented research on a study using rhesus monkeys. The findings appear in both the Journal of Neuroscience Research and Frontiers in Immunology. The binding sites of NRP1 and furin at the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can be targeted with various approaches, such as with monoclonal antibodies or decoy receptors,” said Dr. “Our findings are important in the sense that they indicate the putative drug targets for preventing and treating neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19. Kumar, his team’s findings may help identify future drugs to protect against or treat the neurological symptoms of COVID-19. Further, the involvement of the hippocampus can explain the prominence of psychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients during and after recovery from acute illness,” said Dr.
“Olfactory nerves present a way for the entry of the virus into the brain through the nose, and their infection can also explain the loss of smell as a key symptom in COVID-19. “By curiosity, we checked the expressions of NRP1 and furin in the postmortem human brain tissue, which that both of these molecules are abundant in all key brain regions - chiefly, the olfactory and hippocampus.” Uniquely, binding to the NRP1 didn’t require TMPRSS2.”
“By of the last year, another receptor - neuropilin-1 precursor (NRP1), a cell surface protein implicated in the brain development and causation of cancers - was shown capable of binding to furin-cleaved SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, a negligible expression of the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 left a key question answered: How does SARS-CoV-2 enter the brain cells?” Kumar said: “We know that COVID-19 patients show prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms and virus-induced injuries - including evidence of the replicating virus in brain tissue - have been noted in the postmortem studies. However, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are not significantly present in a person’s brain. In other parts of the body, SARS-CoV-2 gains access to cells by binding to the protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with the help of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). Ashutosh Kumar, an assistant professor in the Department of Anatomy at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India, presented findings that identified a possible receptor that may give SARS-CoV-2 access to a person’s brain. At Neuroscience 2021, a number of papers detailed findings exploring how SARS-CoV-2 is likely to affect a person’s brain.ĭr.
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